The noise proves nothing. Chicken, demolished the egg, often bites as if she had demolished a small planet
Mark Twain (real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens) (article in Russian[ru] — "Марк Твен") — is an American[ru] writer, journalist and public figure. Zodiac sign — Sagittarius.
Stories 60-70-ies-comic, sometimes grotesque description of provincial America (collection "the Famous jumping frog from Calaveras", 1867). Satirical novel " the Gilded age "(1873; together with C. Warner) on financial and political corruption; lyrical and biographical book" Life[ru] on the Mississippi " (1883). The novel "the adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884) marks a Mature social criticism, the discovery of the America in which the poetic (life fortress, daring humor, emotional responsiveness) is combined with inhuman utility and cruelty.
The world of social hierarchy is rejected in the fantastic novel "the Connecticut Yankees at the court of king Arthur" (1889). Later works are imbued with sarcasm and skepticism (novel "the Mysterious stranger", published in 1916). Works about boys (including" the adventures of Tom Sawyer", 1876) became a classic of children's literature.
Childhood impression
Mark Twain was bornNovember 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri.
In the town of Hannibal on the Mississippi, the future St. Petersburg of TWAIN's most famous books "the adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) and "the adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884), the family of judge Clemens moved when the future writer Mark was four years old. Stock childhood experiences nurtured the works of mark TWAIN almost to the end of his literary career. The pseudonym mark TWAIN, which from 1863 signed newspaper articles, and then works of art, reminded of his youth, when TWAIN was a pilot on riverboats (twain — "a dozen fathoms", ie sufficient depth). With twelve years TWAIN had to work: apprentice typesetter, a journalist of a provincial newspaper, the prospector in Nevada. He was self-taught, all his life felt the flaws of education, which did not prevent him to create a novel-a study of "personal memories of Joan of Arc" (1896), which required hard work on historical sources, and the story "the Mysterious stranger" (published in 1916), which affected the most complex philosophical problems.
«Nothing can stand against humor»
The literary school of TWAIN was a newspaper, and his favorite genres for a long time remained satirical essay, comic sketch, humor, often using moves and techniques of narration, typical of folklore. A special role was played in the formation of TWAIN folklore, created on the "frontier" (moving to the West the border, behind which lay the territory, where it did not come civilization). "Frontier" in his childhood Mark TWAIN was Hannibal, at the time of his youth — Nevada and California, where he received the fame of an outstanding journalist and luminary of humor.
Starting with a textbook story "the celebrated jumping frog of Calaveras" (1865) has selected creative features, and continuing in the early sketch books TWAIN ("the Innocents abroad", 1869, "Light", 1872, "Life on the Mississippi", 1883): the closeness to the forms of folk narrative-anecdote, an abundance of vivid details of everyday life, creating a picture of reality, with its contrasts and paradoxes, feeling powerful, inexhaustible energy of life, humor, understood as "the ability to laugh while maintaining full seriousness". Under the onslaught of humor, the writer believed,"nothing can resist."
Embodied in the "Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and the philosophical tale "the Prince and the beggar" (1882) the ideal of Mark TWAIN — freedom from all conventional and lifeless, organic democracy, belief in the rationality of history and the spiritual forces of the ordinary man. The mockery of the artificiality and dilapidated forms of relations that would be swept away by progress was in line with the mentality prevailing in America at the time, ready to recognize TWAIN as its national genius.
«Gilded age»
However, the reputation of Mark TWAIN began to change with the release of the book about Huck Finn, which contained tragic episodes in which the young heroes of the real everyday life of the backwoods with his scudoum and self-interest, there is a problem of moral choice in the face of injustice, violence and racism.
Having moved in 1870 from California to Hartford, mark TWAIN constantly came into contact with the world of Industrialists and businessmen, to whom he himself was involved after his marriage. The writer was imbued with an increasingly undisguised aversion to the" gilded age", as he called the then era of rapid economic growth, accompanied by rampant corruption and violation of democratic principles. The novel " Yankees from Connecticut at the court of king Arthur "(1889), the story" simpleton Wilson " (1896), pamphlets and satirical stories of the same period indicate the growth of accusatory beginning in prose TWAIN, which gradually becomes the most irreconcilable critic of American social institutions and mass social psychology. The dominant metaphor of Mark TWAIN was a hoax, growing to universal proportions: a fake are established in society, moral norms, and society itself, and spiritual values, in fact, talking only about self-seduction of man, not wanting to realize how he is insignificant and miserable in their aspirations.
«Everything human is sad»
The growing misanthropy of TWAIN, whose monument was repeatedly altered by him "a Mysterious stranger", was partly due to the fact that unsuccessful business ventures led him to bankruptcy in 1894, so that he had to take exhausting trips for the sake of money with reading[ru] his stories, and then the round-the-world tour described in the book of essays "Along the equator" (1897). This trip turned mark TWAIN into a passionate opponent of imperialism and colonial ambitions of America, sharply condemned by Him in a series of pamphlets written in the early 1900s.
Not all of them were published: setting TWAIN sought to preserve in the public mind the image of the unmovable joyous and carefree comedian, forcing him to hide even from their home especially angry in the same Chapter of his autobiography, which he dictated to the Secretary in the last years of his life. Mood of these years transferred to the epigraph book "on the equator": "all human sad. The innermost source of humor is not joy, but grief. There is no humor in heaven." (A. M. Zverev)
American Landmark
One of the Newspapers called Mark TWAIN "the second attraction of America" after Niagara falls. A lover of cards and Billiards, adored jokes, duelist and a great speaker, he saw in life and rapid success, and huge failures.
From 12 years Mark had to work. The future writer was a printer, a pilot, but he achieved real success in the field of journalism. Readers had been waiting for his essays and humoresques.
At this time, he from Sam Clemens becomes mark TWAIN ("measure 2" - safe depth, the memory of the pilot's past). In 1865 he published his first story, immediately met with a Bang, and in 1869, after the release of "Simpletons abroad" the name "mark TWAIN" becomes known throughout America.
An avid smoker, mark TWAIN claimed that he did not learn this, but asked for a light as soon as he was born. There are many statements of the writer about Smoking and pipes.
Could mark not mention the phone and in his writings: hobo TWAIN smoked pipes made from corn cobs.
Do not think that kukuruzka only vagrants and smoke. TWAIN is generally believed that tube is not corn is not a tube.
Corn, from which are made decent corn tubes, grows only in the United States, more precisely – in Missouri. No wonder it is the pride of the Americans, therefore, Smoking in America not only vagrants.
"Many would like to smoke a pipe, but not everyone can do it," he said once. In the room of the writer has always been twenty or thirty stuffed with tobacco pipes, so he could, not looking up from his work, smoke them one after the other.
Mark TWAIN loved[ru] the same tube shape "Calabash", the company Kapp & Peterson. The model, which smoked the writer, was restored in 1985. In 1980, employees saw a photograph of the writer with a Peterson handset. The pipe was dated 1886 and has not been produced since 1900. Experts restored it from photographs, and in 1985 the tube "mark TWAIN de Luxe" was presented. («Encyclopedia of tubes»)
Mark TWAIN's fatal mistake
Mark TWAIN during his lifetime became a famous writer and began to receive good fees. Part of the money he regularly invested in various emerging businesses of the then America. In other words, he was engaged in venture investment.
And so one day he knocked on the door, a real stroke of Luck. She came under the name Alexander bell - Steve Jobs of his time. For many years bell worked on the invention of the phone and at that moment he needed financial help in exchange for a share in the future company.
On March 7, 1876, bell was granted a patent for the invented telephone. In 1878, bell and his partners offered bell's patent to Western Union for $ 100,000, but were refused. According to Western Union President William Orton, the phone was a hopeless "toy". Soon, however, Orton regretted his words. As a result, already in 1880 Orton announced that he was willing to pay $ 25 million for bell's patent and was still considering the deal.
Western Union entered into an agreement with the inventor's companions. So there was a United firm "Bell Company", the bulk of which belonged to Alexander bell. It is known that the price of one share of the company was $1 thousand.
In 1886, 150,000 Americans had the phone, and bell and his co-investors became millionaires. By 1894, telephone service had already spread from new York to Chicago.
And what about mark TWAIN? During these years, his wife's health[ru] deteriorated. He was forced to move to Europe to reduce his living expenses and go on tour to earn money and pay his debts.
And all because in 1870 he closed the door to his Luck.
Famous quotes by Mark TWAIN
The only way to keep healthy[ru] is to eat what you don't want, drink what you don't like, and do what you don't like.
Good friends, good books and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life.
You can't rely on your eyes[ru] when your imagination is unfocused.
Pessimism is just a word that the faint-hearted call wisdom.
To be happy, you have to live in your own Paradise! Do you think that one and the same heaven can meet all of people without exception?
It is worth giving your word that you will not do anything, as you will certainly want it.
Summer is a time of year when it's very hot to do things that were very cold in the winter.
There is nothing more annoying than a good example.
It's great that America was discovered, but it would be much more wonderful if Columbus[ru] sailed by.
One who does not read good books does not have advantages over a person who does not know how to read them.
Who does not know where to go, very surprised, not getting there.
Wrinkles should only indicate places where smiles used to be.
Thousands of geniuses live and die unknown — either unrecognized by others or unrecognized by themselves.
The right to stupidity is one of the guarantees of the free development of the individual.
Classic-what everyone thinks it necessary to read and no one reads.
The worst loneliness is when a person is uncomfortable with himself.
To create man was a nice and original idea. But to create a sheep after that meant to repeat.
If all people thought the same, then no one would play at the races.
Once in life fortune knocks on the door of every person, but the person at this time often sits in the nearest beer and no knock does not hear.
In fifty people can be a donkey without being an optimist, but can no longer be an optimist without being a donkey.
We like people who boldly tell us what they think, provided they think the same way we do.
"Children and fools always tell the truth," says the old wisdom. The conclusion is clear: adults and wise people never tell the truth.
April 1 is a day that reminds us who we are all the other 364 days.
There is no more pathetic sight than a man explaining his joke.
Often the surest way to mislead a person is to tell him the truth.
Being good is so exhausting!
I have been praised a great many times, and I have always been embarrassed; I have always felt that it was possible to say more.
When my wife and I disagree, we usually do what she wants. The wife calls it a compromise.
When I was fourteen, my father was so stupid that I could hardly bear it; but when I was twenty-one years old, I was amazed how much this old man had become smarter in the last seven years.
Never argue with idiots. You will descend to their level, where they will crush you with their experience.
The truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let's save it.
Let's live so that even the undertaker will regret us when we die.
"We – the Anglo-Saxons and Anglo-Saxons when something ought to, he goes and takes it." If we translate this outstanding Declaration (and the feelings expressed in it) into a simple human language, it will sound something like this: "We, the British and the Americans are thieves, robbers and pirates, and we are proud of it."
A great way to mess up a relationship with a person is to say, "No, that's not how you're telling this joke." Then to tell in its own way.
Life by and large does not consist of facts and cases. It consists mainly of the storm of thoughts that constantly sweeps in my head.
A person can not be happy with life if he is dissatisfied with himself.
The secret to getting things started.
I don't have any prejudices about skin[ru] color, caste, or religion. It is enough to know that we are talking about a person-it is still no worse.
Stay away from people who mock your aspirations. Little people always do that, while great people always make you feel like you can be great, too.
Age is what exists in our thoughts. If you don't think about him, he's gone.
One child[ru] is enough to fill the whole house and yard.
Old Mormon advice: my friend, take the old man's advice, do not burden yourself with a big family. Only in a small family, in a close home circle you will find comfort and peace of mind, which is the best and the highest benefit of all prepared for us in this world. Believe me, ten — twelve wives on the strength — is enough for you, do not cross this border.
To be happy, you have to live in your own Paradise! Do you think that one and the same heaven can meet all of people without exception?
Man is a religious animal, the only animal that loves his neighbor as himself, and cuts his throat, if at odds with him in theological issues.
Please bring me something to read. At least a postage stamp.
Sadness is enough in itself, but to get real pleasure from it, you need to share it with others.
Be careful when reading health books. You could die from a typo.
There are no people more rude than the overly refined nature.
First of all, we need facts, and then they can be distorted.
It happens, of course, that the truth gets away with man. But the flimsy, stupid, inept lie will not last two years-the exception is slander. She's practically invulnerable.
If the desire to kill and the possibility to kill always coincide, which of us would escape the gallows?
Only two things we'll regret on deathbed — that we are a little loved and little traveled.
Kindness is what a blind man can see and a deaf man can hear.
If you pick up a hungry dog and make his life full, he'll never bite you. This is the fundamental difference between a dog and a man.
Some argue that there is no difference between a man and a donkey. This is unfair. Towards the donkey.
The noise proves nothing. Chicken, demolished the egg, often bites as if she had demolished a small planet.
Once a letter came to Mark TWAIN, in which there was only one word: "Pig". The writer's answer was more detailed: "I Usually receive letters without a signature. Yesterday I received my first signature without a letter."
Autobiography and letters
Mark Twain's Autobiography:
Chapters from My Autobiography published by North American Review (1906–1907);
Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Albert Bigelow Paine (1924);
Posthumous edition named Mark Twain in Eruption compiled and edited by Bernard DeVoto (1940);
Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Charles Neider;
Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Harriet Elinor Smith and the Mark Twain Project: Volume 1 (2010);
Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Robert Hirst and the Mark Twain Project: Volume 2 (2013);
Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Harriet Elinor Smith and the Mark Twain Project: Volume 3 (2015).
Mark Twain's Letters, 1853–1880 (2010, posthumous).
"Territorial Enterprise letters" being compiled for release in 2017.
Novels
The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873);
The Prince and the Pauper (1881);
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889);
The American Claimant (1892);
Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894);
Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896);
The Mysterious Stranger (1916, posthumous).
Short stories
"The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" (1865);
"Advice to Little Girls" (1865);
"General Washington's Negro Body-Servant" (1868);
"My Late Senatorial Secretaryship" (1868);
"A Ghost Story" (1870);
"A True Story, Repeated Word for Word As I Heard It" (1874);
"Some Learned Fables for Good Old Boys and Girls" (1875);
"A Literary Nightmare" (1876);
"A Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage" (1876);
"The Invalid's Story" (1877);
"The Great Revolution in Pitcairn" (1879);
"1601: Conversation, as it was by the Social Fireside, in the Time of the Tudors" (1880);
"The Stolen White Elephant" (1882);
"Luck" (1891);
"Those Extraordinary Twins" (1892);
"The ₤1,000,000 Note" (1893);
"The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg" (1900);
"A Double Barrelled Detective Story" (1902);
"A Dog's Tale" (1904);
"The War Prayer" (1905);
"A Horse's Tale" (1907);
"Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" (1909);
"My Platonic Sweetheart" (1912, posthumous);
"The Purloining of Prince Oleomargarine" (2017, posthumous).
Adam and Eve
"Extracts from Adam's Diary", illustrated by Frederick Strothmann (1904);
"Eve's Diary", illus. Lester Ralph (1906);
The Private Life of Adam and Eve: Being Extracts from Their Diaries, Translated from the Original Mss. (Harper, 1931), LCCN 31-27192 – posthumous issue of the 1904 and 1906 works bound as one, as Twain had requested in a recently discovered letter.
Collections
Short story collections
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches (1867), short story collection;
Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance (1871), short story collection;
Sketches New and Old (1875), short story collection;
A True Story and the Recent Carnival of Crime (1877), short story collection;
Punch, Brothers, Punch! and Other Sketches (1878), short story collection;
Mark Twain's Library of Humor (1888), short story collection;
Merry Tales (1892), short story collection;
The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories (1893), short story collection;
The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories (1906), short story collection;
The Curious Republic of Gondour and Other Whimsical Sketches (1919, posthumous), short story collection;
The Washoe Giant in San Francisco (1938, posthumous), short story collection.
Essay collections
Memoranda (1870-1871), essay collection from Galaxy;
How to Tell a Story and other Essays (1897);
Europe and Elsewhere (1923, posthumous), edited by Albert Bigelow Paine;
Letters from the Earth (1962, posthumous);
A Pen Warmed Up In Hell (1972, posthumous);
The Bible According to Mark Twain (1996, posthumous).
Non-fiction
The Innocents Abroad (1869), travel;
Roughing It (1872), travel;
Old Times on the Mississippi (1876), travel;
A Tramp Abroad (1880), travel;
Life on the Mississippi (1883), travel;
Following the Equator (sometimes titled "More Tramps Abroad") (1897), travel;
Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909);
Moments with Mark Twain (1920, posthumous);
Mark Twain's Notebook (1935, posthumous);
Letters from Hawaii (letters written in 1866, published as a book in 1947).
Essays
"On the Decay of the Art of Lying" (1880);
"The Awful German Language" (1880);
"Advice to Youth" (1882);
"Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses" (1895);
"English As She Is Taught" (1887);
"Concerning the Jews" (1898);
"A Salutation Speech From the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth" (1900);
Mark TWAIN was born in 1835, the year Halley's comet flew by. He once said, "I came with this comet, and in a year it will appear again in the sky, and I will leave with it." And it happened.
